拆句法和合并法:這是兩種相對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯方法。
拆句法是把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個(gè)較短、較簡(jiǎn)單的句子,通常用于英譯漢;合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,一般用于漢譯英。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散,因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多;英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合,結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密,因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句;而英譯漢時(shí)又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主體的連接處,以及意群結(jié)束處將長(zhǎng)句切斷,譯成漢語(yǔ)分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序,順譯全句,順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。如:
(1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United
States.
同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作,符合美國(guó)的利益。 (在主謂連接處拆譯)
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the
Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感謝你們無(wú)與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。(在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)
(3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see
Britain's membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the
community will take their interests into account
英聯(lián)邦各國(guó)尤其如此,它們認(rèn)為英國(guó)加入歐共體,將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。(在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)
(4)中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó),百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè),但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一,其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in
agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being
mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合譯) |